Emergency Alarm System

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

·        Block Diagram:

Fig: Block diagram of the project

COMPONENT DESIGN

·        Power supply unit: -

                                    To provide a regulated power supply to all blocks a special required power supply is designed for digital IC +5v is achieved for Op-Amp adder is +15V is generated as well as for ADC a signal +10Vis generated power supply. Block consists of transformer the sensor and switches.

POWER SUPPLY

                    The power supply is the first and the most important part of our project. For our project we require +5v regulated power supply with maximum current rating 500 mA Following basic building blocks are required to the generated power supply.

• Relay Board: -
  

                             A relay is a device that functions as an electrically operated switch. Most relays is electromagnetically operated. Current through a coil generates a magnetic field that attracts an armature, which inter closes or opens the electrical contacts.

                     

·        RECTIFIER UNIT:

                      Rectifier unit is a circuit. Which converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. Generally semi-conducting the diode is used as a rectifying element due to its property of conducting current in one direction only Generally there are two types of rectifier.

1)      Half wave rectifier 

2)       Full Wave rectifier.

                In half wave rectifier only half cycle of mains A.C. rectified so its efficiency is very poor. So we use full wave bridge type rectifier, in which four diodes are used. In each half cycle, two diodes conduct at a time and we get maximum efficiency at o/p.

Following are the main advantages and is the advantages of a full-wave bridge type rectifier circuit

·        Filter circuit:

    Generally, the rectifier is required to produce pure D.C. supply for using at various places in the electronic circuit, However, the o/p of rectifier has pulsating character i.e. if such a D.C. is applied to the electronic circuit it will produce a hum i.e. it will contain A.C. and D.C. components. The A.C. components are undesirable and must be kept away from the load. To do so a filter circuit is used which removes (or filter out) the A.C. components reaching the load. Obviously, the filter circuit is installed between the rectifier and voltage regulator. In our the project we use capacitor filter because of his low cost, small size, and little weight and good characteristic. Capacitors are connected in parallel to the rectifier o/p because it passes A.C. but does not pass D.C. at all.

Hardware part  

• The serial interface of the GSM modem.
• Microcontroller Board.
• Status driver circuit.

      Power supply.

Software part

• Proteus circuit diagram.
• Proteus for PCB layout.
• Hex file controller.
• MPLAB IC burring Simulation software also uses.

  

Wiring Diagram

Wiring Diagram

COMPONENTS

 Push Button

Push Button

A push-button (also spelled pushbutton) or simply button is a simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or metal. The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed or pushed. Buttons are most often biased switches, although many un-biased buttons (due to their physical nature) still require a spring to return to their un-pushed state. Terms for the "pushing" of a button include pressing, depressing, mashing, hitting, and punching.

Relay

Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contractor. Solid-state relay control power circuits with no moving parts, instead of using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

Magnetic latching relays require one pulse of coil power to move their contacts in one direction, and another, redirected pulse to move them back. Repeated pulses from the same input have no effect. Magnetic latching relays are useful in applications where interrupted power should not be able to transition the contacts.

Magnetic latching relays can have either single or dual coils. On a single coil device, the relay will operate in one direction when power is applied with one polarity and will reset when the polarity is reversed. On a dual coil device, when the polarized voltage is applied to the reset coil the contacts will transition. AC controlled magnetic latch relays have single coils that employ steering diodes to differentiate between operate and reset commands.

Hooter

Addressable wall mounted electronic Sounder/Hooter with base and required accessories: The electronic Sounders shall have DB level of 90 dBs at 1 meter away. It shall be field programmable without the use of special tools and a multi-tone facility.

  Supply Voltage: 90-270 VAC/DC or 12V DC, 20-60 VDC.

  Sound Audibility: Sound Audibility of 90-100 DB.@ 1 Meter

  Push Button Controls: Onboard Push button to silent sound(optional)

  Terminals: Suitable for 0.2 to 2.5 sq. Mm. Cable.

  Response Time: Less than 10 ms.

  Multi-tone: 1 C/NO Contact for tone selection at the terminal (Optional.)

  Enclosure: 96*96 Plastic with high strength.

  Cutout size: 92(W) x 92(H) mm.

Smock Detector

Smock Detector

The detectors shall be Analogue Addressable type and suitable for connection to the control panel via a two-wire loop circuit (class A wiring). It shall have dual alarm and power LED’s, which shall flash under normal conditions, indicating that the detector is operational and in regular communication with the control panel. Both LED’s shall be placed into steady illumination mode by the control panel, indicating that an alarm condition has been detected. An output connection shall also be provided in the base to connect an external remote alarm/response LED. Compatible Plug-in type bases shall be supplied with all the detectors, MCPs, sounders etc. The bases shall be equipped with field terminals capable of securing field wire sizes up-to 1.5 sq mm.

Optical Smoke Detectors

Plug in type Addressable Photo electric-light scattering based Smoke detectors with detector mounting base & required accessories: Optical Smoke detectors shall respond quickly to optically dense smoke (light white smoke), It’s sensitivity shall be set through the Fire Alarm Control Panel and Sensitivity may be automatically adjusted by the panel on a time-of-day basis. Using software in the FACP, detectors shall automatically compensate for dust accumulation and other slow environmental changes that may affect their performance.

Multi-criteria Smoke Detectors

Plug in type Addressable Multiple criteria / Multi-Sensor detectors combined (Photo + Thermal) with detector mounting base & required accessories: The detectors shall incorporate, at least, two separate sensing elements, Infrared a photodiode, a photoelectric smoke sensing chamber using the optical scatter principle and thermal detection using a thermistor/ temperature detector. It shall also be possible to configure the detector to work in a degraded mode such as only photoelectric type or only thermal type in case of failure of another sensing element. It shall have built-in automatic compensation for changes in ambient conditions. 

Base Plate

. The cabinets of repeater panel shall be suitable for wall mounting. The cabinets shall be primed and powder coated with a corrosion resistant pain with manufacturer's standard finish. The panel shall have a front door with the standard industrial key-lock facility. The cabinet shall have gasket sealing with ingress protection class IP31 or higher.

Terminal Block(TB)

Why terminal blocks are used?

Terminal blocks are used to secure and/or terminate wires and, in their simplest form, consist of several individual terminals arranged in a long strip. Terminals are useful for connecting wiring to ground or, in the case of electrical power, for connecting electrical switches and outlets to the mains.

Power Adapter

Power Adapter

To provide regulated power supply to all blocks a special required power supply is designed for digital IC +5v is achieved for Op-Amp adder is +15V is generated as well as for ADC a signal +10Vis generated power supply. Block consists of transformer the sensor and switches.

Cable

  a piece of thin metal thread that can be bent, used for fastening things and for making particular types of objects that are strong but can bend.

ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGE: - 

1.      Low cost.

2.      Simple wiring diagram.

3.      Does not require timers for operation.

4.      Easy to implement.

5.      simple working.

6.      Low power consumption.

APPLICATIONS

APPLICATION: -  

1)      In educational organization.

2)      In MSECB system.

3)      In industries.

4)      In commercial organizations.

5)      It is used some electrical substations because of light load cable tester.

                                                      WORKING OF PROJECT

 PART 1

            When an abnormal condition conditions happen and cause a fire in the CSS. That is not good for the system to or person who is working on that system.

Fire causes smock and we used a smock detectors which sense that smock and change his NO contact to NC and Path Of Relay 1 coil completes and relay gets Picked up (Row 1).

As relay gets picked up so contact or relay also changed (NO/ NC & NC/ NO).

At Row 3 NO contact or relay 1 used so the path of hooter completes through “+VE-contact 1-Hooter-Ve“.And hooter gives alarm signal that something going wrong and fire strikes in the system.

PART 2

            When the temperature of the transformer winding goes higher than Prescribe limit that is hazardous to the transformer and Causes Damage of transformer winding. To avoid this WTI ( winding temperature indicator ) used.

 WTI is a sensor that senses the temperature of  transformer winding so these WTI senses the temperature of the transformer winding and give the signal to relay 2 coil to energies and relay gets picked up.

As the relay gets picked up contact of relay 2 also get changed (NO/ NC & NC/ NO). so row 2 completes its path and hooter gives alarm signal as previous. 

  

                                             CONCLUSION

  CONCLUSION: -

       

                              The proper guidance of project head and the sincere efforts of our group have lead to the successful accomplishment of our concerned projects.

                              The project based on “Emergency Alarm System for CSS Without Timer and HMI” was interesting to work on and was also gained in this project work.

                             

                              The main motto behind this project is to reduce the cost of the emergency alarm system with simple construction and wiring.

                              This knowledge of project will definitely be helpful in our future. So we must maintain that this final year project was an essential part of our engineering education enhancing our technical knowledge and practical skill.