Basics of Servo Motor and Its Types

  A servo motor is a rotary actuator or a motor that allows for precise control in terms of the angular position, acceleration, and velocity. Basically, it has certain capabilities that a regular motor does not have. Consequently, it makes use of a regular motor and pairs it with a sensor for position feedback

Block Diagram of Servo Motor

Basics of Servo Motor

A servo motor is a rotary actuator or a motor that allows for a precise control in terms of the angular position, acceleration, and velocity. Basically it has certain capabilities that a regular motor does not have. Consequently it makes use of a regular motor and pairs it with a sensor for position feedback. 

The servomotor includes the motor that drives the load and a position detection component, such as an encoder. The servo system vary the controlled amount, such as position, speed, or torque, according to the set target value (command value) to precisely control the machine operation.

Types of servo motor

Ø DC servo motor

Ø Ac servomotor

Ø Positional Rotation servo motor

Ø Continues rotation servo motor

Ø Linier servo motor

Dc Servo Motor

The motor which is used as a DC servo motor generally have a separate DC source in the field of winding & armature winding. The control can be archived either by controlling the armature current or field current. Field control includes some particular advantages over armature control. In the same way armature control includes some advantages over field control. Based on the applications the control should be applied to the DC servo motor. DC servo motor provides very accurate and also fast respond to start or stop command signals due to the low armature inductive reactance. DC servo motors are used in similar equipments and computerized numerically controlled machines.

Ac Servomotor

AC servo motors are basically two-phase squirrel cage induction motors and are used for low power applications. Nowadays, three phase squirrel cage induction motors have been modified such that they can be used in high power servo systems.

Positional Rotation servo motor

This is a most common type of motor and the o/p of the shaft rotates in about 180o. It comprises physical stops situated in the gear device to stop revolving outside limits to protect the rotation sensor. These common servomotors include in radio controlled cars, radio controlled water, toys, aircraft, robots, and many other applications.

Continues rotation servo motor

Continuous rotation servo motor relates to the common positional rotation servo motor, but it can go in any direction indefinitely. The control signal, rather than setting the static position of the servo, is understood as speed and direction of rotation. The range of potential commands sources the servo to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise as preferred, at changing on the command signal. Thus this type of motor is used in a radar dish if you are riding, one on a robot or you can use one as a drive motor on a mobile robot.

 Linear servo motor

The linear servo motor is also similar to the positional rotation servo motor discussed above, but with extra gears to alter the output from circular to back and forth. Although these servo motors are not likely to be found, sometimes you can find them at hobby stores where they are used as actuators in higher model airplanes.

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